<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	
	xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss"
	xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	>

<channel>
	<title>International Relations &#8211; Kapok Tree Diplomacy</title>
	<atom:link href="https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/category/international-relations/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress</link>
	<description>Exploring the conduct of international relations and the ideals of democracy &#38; individual liberty in the context of the Christian worldview.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 12 Nov 2023 20:34:35 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.3</generator>
<site xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">44605809</site>	<item>
		<title>Reflections on the Israel-Hamas Conflict in Gaza and Stray Voltage on Genocide, Proportionality, Apartheid, Collective Punishment, and the Impact of the (Demise of) the Right of Conquest  </title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/reflections-on-the-israel-hamas-conflict-in-gaza-and-stray-voltage-on-genocide-proportionality-apartheid-legality-of-settlements-and-the-demise-of-the-right-of-conquest/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/reflections-on-the-israel-hamas-conflict-in-gaza-and-stray-voltage-on-genocide-proportionality-apartheid-legality-of-settlements-and-the-demise-of-the-right-of-conquest/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Nov 2023 07:10:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Human Rights & Conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prevent/Contain Intl. Conflicts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apartheid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[collective punishment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gaza]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genocide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hamas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human shields]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jewish settlements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mowing the grass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[occupation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open air prison]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Palestinian Authority]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace treaty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Principle of proportionality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Right of Conquest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self determination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ten-dash line]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[territorial integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[warfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[West Bank]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=909</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Disclaimer: The posts, views and opinions expressed on this site are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of my employer, the Department of Defense (DoD),]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/reflections-on-the-israel-hamas-conflict-in-gaza-and-stray-voltage-on-genocide-proportionality-apartheid-legality-of-settlements-and-the-demise-of-the-right-of-conquest/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">909</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/competing-visions-for-u-s-grand-strategy/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/competing-visions-for-u-s-grand-strategy/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2015 14:06:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IR Theories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Natl. Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alliances]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bretton Woods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[containment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cooperative Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dominion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global Collective Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grand strategy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Isolationism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NATO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Offshore Balancing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regional Collective Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Robert J. Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Selective Engagement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=715</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[What are the competing visions for a U.S. grand strategy, their objectives, premises and preferred instruments? Robert J. Art lays out eight possible grand strategies for consideration: Dominion, Global Collective Security;]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/competing-visions-for-u-s-grand-strategy/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">715</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>China&#8217;s Assertion of Sovereign Authority in the Global Commons and the Escalation of Legal Warfare in the Arctic</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/chinas-assertion-of-sovereign-authority-in-the-global-commons-and-the-escalation-of-legal-warfare-in-the-arctic/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/chinas-assertion-of-sovereign-authority-in-the-global-commons-and-the-escalation-of-legal-warfare-in-the-arctic/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Oct 2013 15:20:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Global Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl. Political Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic Circle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic CounciI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic governance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arctic militarization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic resources]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arctic state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[asymmetric warfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CNOOC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Diaoyu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drilling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global commons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global prestige]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global warming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greenland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hydrocarbon deposits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iceland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[indisputable sovereignty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Maritime Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[joint development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lawfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[legal warfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Li Zhenfu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Malacca Straits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maritime shipping industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[melting ice caps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[militarization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[non-Arctic state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Northwest Passage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Norway]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[offensive realism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oil demand]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[People’s Liberation Army]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philippines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[polar ice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychological warfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regional hegemony]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rule of law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sovereign authority]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[territorial claims]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[territorial integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transpolar sea route]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UNCLOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[undiscovered oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unrestricted warfare]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=659</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&#8220;China’s Assertion of Sovereign Authority in the Global Commons and the Escalation of Legal Warfare in the Arctic&#8221; by Jeff Dwiggins © Kapok Tree Diplomacy. June 2013. All rights reserved.]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/chinas-assertion-of-sovereign-authority-in-the-global-commons-and-the-escalation-of-legal-warfare-in-the-arctic/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">659</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Theodore Roosevelt “Citizenship in a Republic&#8221; Speech</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/theodore-roosevelt-citizenship-in-a-republic-speech/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/theodore-roosevelt-citizenship-in-a-republic-speech/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2013 12:51:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Citizenship in a Republic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[defeat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sorbonne]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theodore Roosevelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[victory]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=637</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[“It is not the critic who counts: not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done better.  The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/theodore-roosevelt-citizenship-in-a-republic-speech/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">637</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Domestic Proliferation of Drones and their Challenges to American Democratic Values, Civil Liberties, Local Law Enforcement and National Security</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/532/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/532/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Mar 2013 00:37:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Global Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights & Conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Natl. Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ACLU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aerial surveillance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AeroVironment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[border surveillance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brennan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California v. Ciraolo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cartels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Certificates of Authorizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[checks and balances]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil liberties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[COAs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Department of Defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Department of Homeland Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DHS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domestic drones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drone strikes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drone surveillance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drone wars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[due process]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethical decision making]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extra-judicial killings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FAA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FBI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Federal Aviation Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[law enforcement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mexico]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military capabilities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[miniature UAV]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national security state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[police]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Predator]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[privacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[remotely piloted aircraft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rule of law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Secure Border Initiative]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ShadowHawk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Super Bowl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[surgical strikes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[surveillance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchblade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UAVs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unlawful surveillance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unmanned aerial vehicles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unreasonable search and seizure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wasp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yemen]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=532</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In order to deter and defeat the increasingly violent and dangerous threats that challenge our borders, national security strategists must employ a flexible, forceful and effective array of intelligence gathering and counterterrorism tools that enable America’s defenders to guarantee the safety and security of the nation.  Domestic unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and drones are increasingly important for patrolling the 1,951 mile border between the U.S. and Mexico as well as for domestic law enforcement and homeland security purposes.  But are domestic drones threatening to violate many of America’s civil liberties and privacy rights while circumventing proper oversight, institutional checks and balances, and the rule of law?

Purpose Statement and Hypothesis

The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the proliferation of domestic UAVs and their current and future law enforcement applications in context to America’s constitutional values and the increasingly blurred line between civilian and military roles in homeland security. The central hypothesis is that UAV technology is rapidly undermining the ethical framework within the national and homeland security decision-making process  while putting the nation’s civil liberties at risk and opening the door for a significant security and ethical disaster.  ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/532/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">532</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ecuador and China: BFFs and Champions of the 21st Century Socialist Agenda</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/ecuador-and-china-bffs-and-champions-of-the-21st-century-socialist-agenda/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/ecuador-and-china-bffs-and-champions-of-the-21st-century-socialist-agenda/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 02:43:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Christian Perspective]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl. Political Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IR Theories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[21st Century Socialism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banana exports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bankers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bonds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cash for oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[centrally managed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China Development Bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Christ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Christianity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cuba]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[default]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[El Universo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entrepreneurship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FDI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fidel Castro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global investors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[government spending]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gran Hermano]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guillermo Lasso]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[healthcare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[helping the poor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hugo Chavez]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[indigenous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Monetary Fund]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[justice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leftist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marxism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media freedom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[natural resources]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[needy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oil exports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pacifico Oil Refinery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poverty rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rafael Correa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[socialism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sovereign debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state welfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tax increases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[taxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[underemployment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unemployment rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wealth redistribution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Bank]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=498</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Ecuador is a beautiful country with a rich and diverse culture, geography and history. My wife is from Ecuador, and I can’t say enough about the friendliness and generosity of her family and many others that I’ve met from Ecuador.  My hope is to someday visit the country, God willing, and take in all the sights, sounds, smells and experiences that up until now, I have only experienced through the anecdotal, photographic and video evidence. 

However, I feel that my timetable and window for visiting the country is rapidly closing. If things continue in their current economic and political direction under President Correa, there may not be any socio-political stability left, not to mention the inevitable deterioration of the economy that always accompanies centrally-managed socialist states. See Cuba and Russia for good examples.  Moreover, I may have to learn Chinese in addition to Spanish to get around the country. So what exactly is going on in Ecuador? Didn’t Rafael Correa make everything better?

President Correa’s Vision

Leftist President Rafael Correa of Ecuador easily won a second term as president of Ecuador on February 16th with 56% of the vote compared to the 23% of his closest competitor, Guillermo Lasso, a banker from Guayaquil.[1]  Now President Correa will be able to continue his radical socialist agenda for another four years in Ecuador, especially if his party strengthens their hold on the Assembly. Not everyone in Ecuador is happy about that.

“There is a lot of apprehension that if he wins the Assembly, there will be a greater concentration of power,” said José Hernández, an editor of Hoy, a Quito daily newspaper. “He will try to flatten everyone who is in his way. He will try to dominate more because that’s his personality, and that’s what he wants to do.”[2] So just who is Rafael Correa?]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/ecuador-and-china-bffs-and-champions-of-the-21st-century-socialist-agenda/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">498</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Engaging the Dragon Through Peaceful Deterrence: Japan’s Need to Recalibrate Its Strategy of Accommodation with China</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/engaging-the-dragon-through-peaceful-deterrence-japans-need-to-recalibrate-its-strategy-of-accommodation-with-china/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/engaging-the-dragon-through-peaceful-deterrence-japans-need-to-recalibrate-its-strategy-of-accommodation-with-china/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Feb 2013 17:03:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Global Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[A2/AD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[accommodation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[active defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alliances]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anarchy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[APEC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arc of Freedom and Prosperity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Article 9]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASEAN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asia-Pacific]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[balance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[balance of threat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bandwagon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beijing Consensus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bilateral trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bretton Woods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charter of the United Nations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civilization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coast guard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[collective self defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[collective struggle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communist Party of China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[concert of democracies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Confucian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[core values]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counterbalancing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[defensive realism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diplomacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dispute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dispute settlement mechanisms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dynamic deterrence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EAS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[East Asian Summit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic coercion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ends]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engagement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[equality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FDI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foreign policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom of navigation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global commons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grand strategy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hypothesis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICJ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Court of Justice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Monetary Fund]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international system]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maritime incident]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maritime Self-Defense Forces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marxism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[means]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Middle East]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MSDF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multilateral]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mutual benefit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mutual nonaggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mutual noninterference in internal affairs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mutual respect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NATO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[North Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ODA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[official development assistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[one China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paracels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peaceful coexistence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peaceful deterrence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[People’s Republic of China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philippines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[power trajectory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PRC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[provocative]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[realism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rebalance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reciprocal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[redistribution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regional security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[right of self defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rising power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rule of law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sansha]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security dilemma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Senkakus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shanghai Cooperation Council]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social contract]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[soft power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South China Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sovereignty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spratlys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[strategic alliances]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[strategy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sun Tzu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taiwan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[territorial integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[threat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Three Non-Nuclear Principles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tibet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S.-Japan Alliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UNCLOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[universal values]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[values]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Walt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Washington Consensus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ways]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wen Jiabao]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Bank]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Trade Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WTO]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=408</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[For the past ten years China has gradually asserted itself in the South China Sea as it has re-risen to major power status within the tenets of the Beijing Consensus and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.   Meanwhile, Japan waited until 2006 to launch its “Arc of Freedom and Prosperity” grand strategy for counterbalancing China and reasserting itself in the Asia Pacific.  There are profound differences between the two strategies in terms of the values they espouse as well as their ends, ways, means for achieving the national interests. 

Japan’s strategy towards China has been primarily one of accommodation and engagement, but China has taken advantage of Japan’s polite acquiescence to their power trajectory.  Territorial disputes over the Spratlys, Paracels and now the Senkakus, combined with China’s threats of economic coercion, threaten regional stability as Japan reaches out to like-minded Asia-Pacific states through defense, diplomacy and development alliances.  
 
Purpose Statement and Hypothesis

The purpose of the essay is to examine the key differences between Japan and China’s grand strategies, especially the values that guide their strategies and national interests, and the capabilities, resources and alliances required to execute the strategies, challenges for implementation, likelihood of success, and the implications for long-term peace and stability that depend on which strategy ultimately prevails.  The study aims to fill a gap in the literature that fails to fully analyze and compare the competing universal values espoused by each grand strategy and how these values could shape the emerging balance of power in the Asia-Pacific.

The central hypothesis is that in order to avoid Chinese domination of its regional sphere of influence, Japan must modify its strategy of accommodation and engagement to one of “peaceful deterrence” based upon an enhanced security posture that is values-based, multilateral in nature and regionally structured as a concert of democracies.  ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/engaging-the-dragon-through-peaceful-deterrence-japans-need-to-recalibrate-its-strategy-of-accommodation-with-china/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">408</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Blind Man’s Bluff: Kazakhstan’s Mirage of Compliance with International Obligations to Uphold the Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Assembly and Association</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/blind-mans-bluff-kazakhstans-mirage-of-compliance-with-international-obligations-to-uphold-the-freedom-of-expression-and-freedom-of-assembly-and-association/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/blind-mans-bluff-kazakhstans-mirage-of-compliance-with-international-obligations-to-uphold-the-freedom-of-expression-and-freedom-of-assembly-and-association/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Feb 2013 21:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Human Rights & Conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adil Soz]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amendment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ar.Rukh.Khak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arrests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Astana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Azat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[censorship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Committee to Protect Journalists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[compliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Copenhagen Document]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[defamation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[democracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[derogated]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dignity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[discrimination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dissent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ESC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Freedo House]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom of assembly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom of association]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom of expression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom of information law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom of religion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[good faith]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helsinki Act]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[honor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights report]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICCPR General Comment No. 34]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illegal assemblies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ILO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Labor Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international standards]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kazakh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kazakhstan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[KIBHRRL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Mass Media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media freedom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[morals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Human Rights Action Plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nazarayev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NGOs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nur Otan party]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[obligations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[observer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ODIHR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OSCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OSCE Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pacta sunt servanda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[participant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peaceful assembly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permission]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political pluralism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[President Nursultan Nazarbayev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ramazan Yesergepov]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[religion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reporters Without Borders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Representative on Freedom of the Media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Respublika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rule of law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Siracusa Principles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spontaneous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State Department]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[think tanks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UDHR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN Economic and Social Council]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN treaties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Universal Periodic Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unregistered organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UPR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vienna Convention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yevgeniy Zhovtis]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=396</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Leveraging billions of dollars of oil, gas and mineral reserves while avoiding major inter-ethnic conflict, Kazakhstan has become the most powerful and prosperous of all Central Asian states under the savvy and astute leadership of President Nursultan Nazarbayev and the first to chair the prestigious 56-member Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in 2010 (Dave, 250). Despite Kazakhstan’s impressive political and economic trajectory, the state has failed to consistently recognize and secure many important civil and political rights for its citizens that are enshrined in international human rights treaties.  

The rights to the freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and association may be considered cornerstones of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the OSCE Copenhagen Document, and the OSCE Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly which help to guarantee and safeguard democracy, common societal interests, and the rule of law (Kz-OSCE 4). The two rights are complementary with a violation of one often violating the other. This essay seeks to answer the following question: To what extent do Kazakhstan’s excessive restrictions on the freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and association fail to meet its obligations undertaken in accordance with the ICCPR, the OSCE Copenhagen Document, and OSCE Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly? This essay will limit its coverage to the 2007 – 2011 timeframe. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/blind-mans-bluff-kazakhstans-mirage-of-compliance-with-international-obligations-to-uphold-the-freedom-of-expression-and-freedom-of-assembly-and-association/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">396</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Why the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Doctrine Is Incompatible with the Principles of National Sovereignty and Domestic Jurisdiction Found in International Law</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/why-the-responsibility-to-protect-r2p-doctrine-is-incompatible-with-the-principles-of-national-sovereignty-and-domestic-jurisdiction-found-in-international-law/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/why-the-responsibility-to-protect-r2p-doctrine-is-incompatible-with-the-principles-of-national-sovereignty-and-domestic-jurisdiction-found-in-international-law/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Feb 2013 00:23:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Christian Perspective]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights & Conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Article 2(4)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[customary norm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darfur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domestic jurisdiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erga omnes obligations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[failed states]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fragile states]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gareth Evans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humanitarian catastrophes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humanitarian intervention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICISS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[INGOs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international non-governmental associations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jus cogens norms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[just cause]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kofi Annan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kosovo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[last resort]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[legality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Libya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mass atrocities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military intervention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national sovereignty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[obligation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political independence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political will]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[proportional means]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[R2P]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reasonable prospects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[responsibility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Responsibility to Protect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[right authority]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[right intention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rwanda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serious harm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sovereignty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state consent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sudan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[territorial integrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UDHR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN Charter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN General Assembly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN Security Council]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UNSC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unwilling or unable]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Federalist Movement]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=390</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In the aftermath of unresponsive and slow reactions by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to serious humanitarian catastrophes in Kosovo, Bosnia, Rwanda and Somalia, the British Foreign Office and a Canadian independent commission submitted proposals to UN Secretary General (UNSG) Kofi Annan, in 1999 and 2001 respectively, arguing for a limited right of military and humanitarian intervention under certain conditions to protect civilians from mass atrocities (Byers 104). Over the past ten years, an emerging norm and set of principles known as the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has surfaced based upon the idea that “sovereignty is not a prerogative but a responsibility” (Axworthy qtd. in Byers 106).
   
But is R2P intervention legal? Does it violate national sovereignty and domestic jurisdiction? Does it lead to selective authorizations for intervention by the UNSC? Could it lead to inappropriate and unnecessary humanitarian interventions that do more harm than good? This research paper seeks to answer the above questions in the affirmative and establish the principle that R2P is illegal based on the basic principles of national sovereignty and domestic jurisdiction found in international law. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/why-the-responsibility-to-protect-r2p-doctrine-is-incompatible-with-the-principles-of-national-sovereignty-and-domestic-jurisdiction-found-in-international-law/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">390</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Were the rulings of the International Military Tribunal (IMT) more dependent upon customary or statutory international law?</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/were-the-rulings-of-the-international-military-tribunal-imt-more-dependent-upon-customary-or-statutory-international-law/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/were-the-rulings-of-the-international-military-tribunal-imt-more-dependent-upon-customary-or-statutory-international-law/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 19:53:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights & Conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Allied Powers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquinas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[binding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crime of aggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crimes against humanity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crimes Against Peace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[customary international law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geneva Conventions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hague Conventions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hugo Grotius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Criminal Courts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Military Tribunal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jus ad bellum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jus cogens peremptory norms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jus in bello]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[just war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kellogg-Briand Pact]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Martens Clause]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nulla poena sine lege]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nullum crimen sine lege]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[obligation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[opinio juris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[perpetrators]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state practice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[statutory international law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN Charter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[verdict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War Crimes]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=386</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Customary international law (IL) derives from a “combination of ‘state practice’ and opinio juris, the belief that a certain type of conduct under IL is an obligation (Byers 4).  According to Byers, new rules require “widespread support” before they become part of customary IL (4). Cerone adds that the Martens Clause of the Hague Conventions binds “belligerents to remain under the protection and the rule of the principles of the law of nations” until such time as custom becomes statutory in some form or fashion (qtd. in Mertus &#038; Helsing 219-220). Thus, custom serves as a “gap-filling” measure that universally binds all states and may apply to scenarios where IL has not yet been formalized into statutes (Mertus &#038; Helsing 220). ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/were-the-rulings-of-the-international-military-tribunal-imt-more-dependent-upon-customary-or-statutory-international-law/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">386</post-id>	</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
