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	<title>Africa &#8211; Kapok Tree Diplomacy</title>
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	<description>Exploring the conduct of international relations and the ideals of democracy &#38; individual liberty in the context of the Christian worldview.</description>
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		<title>Zero Problems &#8211; Enhancing Security and Preventing Conflict in Turkey’s Evolving Partnerships with the European Union, United States, Middle East, Russia and Eurasia</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/zero-problems-enhancing-security-and-preventing-conflict-in-turkeys-evolving-partnerships-with-the-european-union-united-states-middle-east-russia-and-eurasia/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/zero-problems-enhancing-security-and-preventing-conflict-in-turkeys-evolving-partnerships-with-the-european-union-united-states-middle-east-russia-and-eurasia/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 2013 17:55:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prevent/Contain Intl. Conflicts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ahmet Davutoğlu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AKP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ankara Protocol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Annan Plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Armenia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Armenian-Turkish relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Azerbaijan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Balkans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Black Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Blue Stream II pipeline]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Caucasus]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Turkey]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=290</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Turkey’s security partnerships with Europe, NATO and the United States have played an important role in its foreign policy decisions since the 1950’s as a counter to Russia during the Cold War (CountryWatch, “Political History”). Founded on the principles of “secularism, strong nationalism, statism, and to a degree, western orientation” by Mustafa Kemal after the collapse of the 600-year old Ottoman Empire (U.S. State Dept., Background Note), Turkey is uniquely positioned at the crossroads and nexus of “four areas of growing strategic importance in the post-Cold War era” (Larrabee 3): the Balkans and Europe, the Middle East and Persian Gulf region, and the Caucasus/Central Asia region. 
 
With the end of the Cold War and the onset of two Persian Gulf Wars, Turkey’s interests and strategic alliances began to markedly shift their trajectories (Larrabee 6-9). This paper will explore Turkey's recent modifications of its strategic security partnerships from the perspectives of key states within each of its regional spheres of influence in a context of conflict prevention. Section One will review the Balkans and European perspective; in Section Two the Middle East; Eurasia and the Caucasus in Section Three with a special slant on Russia; and in Section Four the United States. Section Five will review Turkey’s internal domestic issues to include the Kurdish challenge, political trends, global aspirations and some interesting comparisons with China. The paper will conclude with Section Six and some recommended conflict prevention strategies to counterbalance Turkey’s various threats. 

The views and opinions expressed in this paper are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of the Navy (DON) or any of the Armed Forces. 
]]></description>
		
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		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">290</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Genuine Nature of Chinese Intentions in Sub-Saharan  Africa – Peaceful Coexistence or New World Order?</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/the-genuine-nature-of-chinese-intentions-in-sub-saharan-africa-peaceful-coexistence-or-new-world-order/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/the-genuine-nature-of-chinese-intentions-in-sub-saharan-africa-peaceful-coexistence-or-new-world-order/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Feb 2013 23:28:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl. Political Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beijing Consensus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China-Africa Partnership]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[contradictions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[democracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diplomacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[export strategy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forum on China-Africa Cooperation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hu Jintao]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international order]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercantilism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multipolar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national economic rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national interests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[new world order]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[non-interference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peaceful coexistence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[resources for infrastructure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[soft power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sphere of influence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state capitalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State Owned Enterprises]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sub-Saharan Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[win-win]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=100</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This research paper will explore Chinese intentions in sub-Saharan Africa.  It will analyze the following topics in context to China’s involvement with Africa: the ideological foundation of the Beijing Consensus; China’s trade and mercantilist development policies; the military and national security aspects of China’s activities; its strategic use of soft power and diplomacy; China’s push for a reconfigured, multipolar world order, and the implications of this order and policies for Western nations, especially the United States.

By carefully substituting national economic rights for individual human rights and non-interference over ethics and transparency, China imposes its own brand of neomercantilism and no-strings-attached foreign aid, making sure it obtains substantially more relative gains than Africa despite its constant ‘win-win’ rhetoric and assertions of equal partnership.  The main thesis of this paper is that while China simultaneously and deftly pursues an aggressive geoeconomic and geopolitical strategy that seeks to counter Western global influence by cultivating an attractive, scalable model of strategic partnership in sub-Saharan Africa based on Eastern values of peaceful coexistence and non-interference, the inherent contradictions and values within this strategy actually undermine democracy, human rights, governmental stability, state sovereignty and long-term economic viability in Africa.

The thread of China’s geoeconomic goals of securing important supplies of natural resources to feed its growing economy and enhance its global economic sphere of influence and its geopolitical goals of strengthening its leverage, interests and security within the international order will be explored throughout the paper. The first section will trace the roots of the China-Africa partnership through modern times. The second section will cover the components of China’s complex strategy: state capitalism, a mercantilist export strategy, the Beijing Consensus and foreign policy, soft power, security implications and China’s expressed desire for a new world order. The third section will cover inherent contradictions within China’s strategy as well as African resistance to it. This paper will conclude with the assertion that genuine Chinese intentions are not completely benign, but instead primarily serve national interests and mask realist aspirations for greater power and leadership on a dramatically redefined world stage.

* The posts, views and opinions expressed in this paper and on this site are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of the Department of Defense, the Department of the Navy or the Armed Forces. *]]></description>
		
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