<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	
	xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss"
	xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	>

<channel>
	<title>globalization &#8211; Kapok Tree Diplomacy</title>
	<atom:link href="https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/tag/globalization/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress</link>
	<description>Exploring the conduct of international relations and the ideals of democracy &#38; individual liberty in the context of the Christian worldview.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2018 18:14:07 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.1</generator>
<site xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">44605809</site>	<item>
		<title>Can Samuel P. Huntington’s ‘Clash of Civilizations’ model explain trends in foreign affairs after the 9-11 attack?</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/can-samuel-p-huntingtons-clash-of-civilizations-model-explain-trends-in-foreign-affairs-after-the-9-11-attack/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/can-samuel-p-huntingtons-clash-of-civilizations-model-explain-trends-in-foreign-affairs-after-the-9-11-attack/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Feb 2013 23:45:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post Conflict Reconstruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[al-Qaeda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Christian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clash of Civilizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic reforms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[good governance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[interstate conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[invasion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kurds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Middle East]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Muslim]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace building]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political process]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poverty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preemption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preemptive strike]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[religious ideology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shiite]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taliban]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[terrorists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turks]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=341</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The conduct of international relations post 9-11 has certainly been dramatically shaped by the US. invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, in the former as a pre-emptive attack to remove WMD and the Ba’athist regime of Saddam Hussein, and in the latter to hunt down al Qaeda and Taliban terrorists and eliminate the training bases that harbored these non-state actors. In both cases, massive reconstruction projects have been undertaken to prevent Iraq and Afghanistan from becoming failed states and help them adopt political and economic reforms of a Western orientation.

But these U.S. interventions are not the only factor explaining the conduct of IR after 9-11. Paul Diehl notes that the demand for peace operations and subsequent escalation in third party interventions rose dramatically following the Cold War due to “superpower retrenchment in providing aid to other states,” an explosion of failed states and civil wars that spawned out of the power vacuum, an increased advocacy for democracy and free markets, greater international concern for human rights, and globalization (52-55).]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/can-samuel-p-huntingtons-clash-of-civilizations-model-explain-trends-in-foreign-affairs-after-the-9-11-attack/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">341</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Interconnectedness of Military, Political and Economic Tools in Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/the-interconnectedness-of-military-political-and-economic-tools-in-conflict-resolution-and-post-conflict-reconstruction/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/the-interconnectedness-of-military-political-and-economic-tools-in-conflict-resolution-and-post-conflict-reconstruction/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Feb 2013 20:22:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post Conflict Reconstruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adjudication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[African Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[and legal reform]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arbitration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[balance-of-payments disequilibria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bosnia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child soldiers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil wars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coercive diplomacy ECOWAS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cold war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conflict resolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coordination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[core pillars of society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dayton Accords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[demobilization and reintegration (DDR)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[democracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drug trafficking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic tools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[elections planning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Failed State Index]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[failed states]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fragile states]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gbagbo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[governance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hamas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human trafficking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humanitarian assistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hurting stalemate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hyperinflation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[impartiality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Index of State Weakness in the Developing World]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International community]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[interstate conflicts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intractable conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intrastate conflicts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[justice and reconciliation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[legal reform]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[liberalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mediation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military tools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MONUC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multilateral]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nation building]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NATO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[negotiation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NGOs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nongovernmental organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Office of the High Representative]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[organized crime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OSCE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parallel economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace operations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peacekeeping]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pervasive poverty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[policy-makers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political regimes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political tools]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[post-conflict reconstruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[power vacuum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preventive diplomacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[privatization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protracted conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Provincial Reconstruction Teams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PRTs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Red Cross]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[refugees]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regional organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regulatory reform]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[resource scarcity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[right of return]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sanctions enforcement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small arms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social and economic well-being]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Somalia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spillover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stabilization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[strong market institutions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[task sharing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transitional governance assistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tribunals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[truth commissions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[weapons of mass destruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Bank]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=321</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[For the last twenty years following the end of the Cold War, the nature of conflict has transitioned from mostly interstate conflicts to predominantly intrastate conflicts characterized by a “complex web of social, economic, cultural, political and religious factors” (Bercovitch &#038; Jackson 3). As the context underlying conflict has changed, the approaches to conflict resolution (CR) and post-conflict reconstruction (PCR) have adapted as well. Policy-makers have a variety of military, political and economic tools at their disposal to contend with the security, welfare and political representation issues resulting from fragile and failed states. 

This essay will analyze the policy tools available for CR and PCR and in so doing answer the following questions: 

(1)	 To what extent are the political, economic and military tools available to policymakers for use in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction interconnected?

(2)	Has the application of such tools become considerably more challenging since the end of the Cold War? If so, how and why? If not, why not? 

Section One of the essay will provide a brief summary of how the environment of conflict has changed since the end of the Cold War. Section Two will analyze the military tools. Section Three will cover the political tools, and Section Four will address the economic tools. Section Five will include a brief summary of how these tools are interconnected, but the assertion that they are interconnected will be made in each section of the essay.  

Likewise, the question of whether the application of these tools has become considerably more challenging since the end of the Cold War may be answered in the affirmative with the how and why addressed throughout each section of the paper. Section Six will conclude the paper with a brief summary of the essay. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/the-interconnectedness-of-military-political-and-economic-tools-in-conflict-resolution-and-post-conflict-reconstruction/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">321</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Using Economic and Military Tools in Conflict Prevention</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/using-economic-and-military-tools-in-conflict-prevention/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/using-economic-and-military-tools-in-conflict-prevention/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Feb 2013 14:26:12 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prevent/Contain Intl. Conflicts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[balance-of-payments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black market]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conflict prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic sanctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exchange rates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[export diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foreign investmet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[growth without development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inflation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infrastructure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kimberly Process]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[macroeconomic stability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[market institutions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[natural resource governance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peacekeeping]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[structural adjustments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tools of conflict prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uneven development]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=302</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[There’s a number of economic tools that may be effective in preventing conflict. Most seem to fall under good governance. The first one that comes to my mind is export diversity. If you depend on one item for 44% of your exports and that one item is a commodity as it is with Sierra Leone’s diamonds, your economy is extremely vulnerable to global price fluctuations in that commodity. A downward dip in prices can have a devastating effect when all your eggs are in one basket. If people have to be laid off or you have to cut their wages, then social dissent can escalate as a result.]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/using-economic-and-military-tools-in-conflict-prevention/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">302</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Civil War and Crisis in Côte d’Ivoire –  An Analysis of the Sources and Causes</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/civil-war-and-crisis-in-cote-divoire-an-analysis-of-the-sources-and-causes/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/civil-war-and-crisis-in-cote-divoire-an-analysis-of-the-sources-and-causes/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2013 02:41:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prevent/Contain Intl. Conflicts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Accra Accords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Blaise Compaoré]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Burkina Faso]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Taylor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[citizenship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Concept of Ivoirité]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corruption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Côte d’Ivoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[destabilization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diamonds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic discrimination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethnicity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foreign workers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gbagbo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Robert Gueï]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[growth without development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henri Bédié]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[immigrants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[immigration policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Monetary Fund]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ivorian Miracle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ivory Coast]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[land tenure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laurent Gbagbo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linas Marcoussis Peace Accords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercenaries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Multi-Party Democracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[natural resource governance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ni indifference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ni ingérence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OPA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ouagadougou Peace Accord]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[peace accords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political discrimination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political pluralism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[politicization of ethnicity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small arms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[structural adjustments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uneven development]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=258</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[For over twenty years following its independence from France in 1960, Côte d’Ivoire was a rare example of remarkable economic growth and political and social stability in contrast to its poor and often violent and divisive neighbors in the region of West Africa. A complex mix of political, economic and social factors led to a successful military coup d’état in December 1999 and a civil war in November-December 2002 that brought the “Ivorian Miracle” crashing down.
 
This was followed by several years of “neither peace nor war” where corruption and discrimination were rampant, several peace accords failed, and numerous political groups jockeyed for power. A breakthrough occurred in March 2007 with the signing of the Ouagadougou Peace Accord (OPA) which is still not fully implemented to this day. This analysis will attempt to primarily answer why the coup and civil war happened, and secondarily, why it took so long to achieve the OPA. 
  
This paper will examine the underlying sources and causes of the coup d’état, the civil war and the protracted stalemate which followed. To understand not only how the conflict emerged but how it was perpetuated for so long, my paper will explore several political, economic, social and regional factors that do not appear to be mutually exclusive. Côte d’Ivoire is a genuine multi-layered conflict weaving together diverse issues like ethnicity, citizenship, land, immigration policy, natural resource governance and economic and political discrimination. As we peel back the onion on these interconnected issues, the roots of this conflict will emerge, and we’ll be able to discern exactly how the Ivoirian Miracle became the Ivoirian Nightmare.
 
The posts, views and opinions expressed on this site are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of the Navy (DON) or any of the Armed Forces. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/civil-war-and-crisis-in-cote-divoire-an-analysis-of-the-sources-and-causes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">258</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Dominant Issues in Free Trade and the International Economic System</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/dominant-issues-in-free-trade-and-the-international-economic-system-2/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/dominant-issues-in-free-trade-and-the-international-economic-system-2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Feb 2013 14:16:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Free Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl. Political Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agricultural subsidies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[barriers to trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bilateral trade agreements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dana Rodrik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[developed countries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[developing countries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Doha Round]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[interdependence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Monetary Fund]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multilateral trade agreements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[North American Free Trade Agreement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protectionism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trade liberalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Trade Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WTO]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=196</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Jeff Dwiggins:    Kapok Tree Diplomacy. All rights reserved. March 2010. Dominant Issues in Free Trade and the International Economic System &#8211;  FREE CONTENT This study will analyze some of the]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/dominant-issues-in-free-trade-and-the-international-economic-system-2/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">196</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Global Integration as Seen Through the Ideological Lenses of the International Political Economy</title>
		<link>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/global-integration-as-seen-through-the-lenses-of-the-ideologies-of-the-international-political-economy/</link>
					<comments>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/global-integration-as-seen-through-the-lenses-of-the-ideologies-of-the-international-political-economy/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[truepath]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Feb 2013 03:43:38 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[International Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intl. Political Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paid Content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[balance of power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[balance-of-payments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bourgeoisie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[capitalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[concentration of capital]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[currency stability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[democracy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disproportionality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[falling rate of return]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global financial markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global integration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Grieco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[harmony of interests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hegemonic Stability Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[institutions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lenin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[liberals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marxism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercantilists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multinational corporations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[norms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[proletariat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[realists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rules]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security maximizers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-help]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Susan Strang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uneven development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unipolarity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World Bank]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/?p=189</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The era of globalization has brought us unprecedented levels of economic liberalization, political upheaval, technological advances, prosperity in unlikely places and enormous flows of capital, ideas, goods and services throughout the world.  Critics point out that global integration has also created unique systemic instabilities, regional and country-based financial crises, wealth disparities, real wage stagnation, sovereignty issues and unhealthy financialization of capitalism. Not many would argue that we currently find ourselves in a significant economic downturn. What does this crisis mean for the future? This paper will explore some explanations and solutions based upon an analysis of International Political Economy (IPE) ideologies.  

Realism, Liberalism and Marxism provide us with theoretical tools to systematically sort through the phenomenon of globalization in a comparative, detailed and open-minded way that is fully aware of the underlying assumptions, values and presuppositions that govern each theory’s interpretation of what happened, where we are, and where we are going.  Robert Gilpin asserts that they are, in fact, more than theories and actually represent ideologies which “entail a total belief system concerning the nature of human beings and society” (419). They represent distinct views and core assumptions involving the main actors and their goals, the importance of politics, the ideal goals of economic activity, the nature of economic relations and the best policies for states to pursue (Gilpin 419-420). 

Using three levels of analysis, this paper will assert that although Realism, Liberalism and Marxism differ significantly in their conception of IPE and assessment of global integration, it is primarily liberal economic principles operating within a realist framework that provide the most efficient mechanism for solving complex, global financial problems and generating extraordinary opportunity, innovation and socio-economic freedom for future generations. 

The first level of analysis will examine the different conceptions of (IPE) within each ideology, delineating similarities as well as significant differences. The second level will assess the phenomenon of global integration against the backdrop of each ideology’s important beliefs and policy implications. The third level of analysis consists of an assessment of the merits and dangers of “hegemonic stability” in international trade in context to the three IPE ideologies. The paper will conclude with some final thoughts on preventing future financial crises. 

* The views and opinions expressed in this paper are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of the Navy (DON) or any of the Armed Forces. *]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://kapoktreediplomacy.com/hp_wordpress/global-integration-as-seen-through-the-lenses-of-the-ideologies-of-the-international-political-economy/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">189</post-id>	</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
