“Challenges Facing Outside Actors in Balancing Punitive and Reconciliatory Measures in Nation\/State-Building and the Optimum Division of Labor to Overcome Them” by Kapok Tree Diplomacy<\/p>\n
PREVIEW<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Punitive and Reconciliatory Measures Available in Nation\/State-Building<\/p>\n A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Definitions<\/p>\n B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tasks of Nation\/State Building (NSB)<\/p>\n C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Punitive and Reconciliatory Measures Available in NSB Processes<\/p>\n 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Military Security<\/p>\n 2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Political<\/p>\n 3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Economic<\/p>\n 4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Justice and Reconciliation<\/p>\n II.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Challenges Facing Outside Actors in Nation\/State Building<\/p>\n A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Military\/Security Pillar \u2013 Challenges Facing IOs, Coalitions and MNFs, and\u00a0 States<\/p>\n B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Political and Governance Pillar \u2013 Challenges Facing IOs, Coalitions and MNFs, and States<\/p>\n C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Economic Pillar \u2013 Challenges Facing IOs, Coalitions and MNFs, and States<\/p>\n D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Justice and Reconciliation Pillar – Challenges Facing IOs, Coalitions and MNFs, and States<\/p>\n III.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Section Three \u2013 Optimum Division of Labor to Meet NSB Challenges<\/p>\n A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proper Mix \u2013 International, Regional, Local, Multilateral & Bilateral<\/p>\n B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Military\/Economic\/Political Division of Labor<\/p>\n IV.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Summary<\/p>\n Section One \u2013 Punitive and Reconciliatory Measures Available in Nation\/State-Building<\/strong><\/p>\n Definitions<\/i><\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Nation-building and state-building are similar but not identical concepts with context often determining which term is applicable. Mary Thida Lun defines nation-building as \u201cthe indigenous and domestic creation and reinforcement of the complex social and cultural identities that relate to and define citizenship within the territory of the state\u201d (v). \u00a0The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) describe it as \u201cdeliberate strategies \u2013 usually by domestic \u00e9lites \u2013 to forge a common national identity<\/i> (against plural identities) around the idea of the nation\u201d (13).<\/p>\n State-building, on the other hand, may be defined as \u201cthe restoration and rebuilding of the institutions and apparatus of the state, particularly through building capacity<\/i> and providing the essential infrastructure for the state to function\u201d (Lun v), while the OECD adds that it incorporates \u201cpurposeful action to develop the capacity, institutions and legitimacy<\/i> of the state\u201d (14).<\/p>\n Achieving this common identity and legitimacy is where the challenges arrive for external actors after brutal and protracted intra-state conflicts. Interestingly, Lun sees the \u201ctechnical\u201d process of state-building enabling the \u201cpolitical\u201d process of nation-building and favors IOs and states focusing on the former and internal actors like NGOs on the latter (9). She explains, \u201cWhile state-building can enable nation-building, the former does not necessarily guarantee the latter \u2026 There can be a highly effective state apparatus that contributes nothing to the emergence of a sense of nationhood, and vice versa\u201d (9).<\/p>\n The posts, views and opinions expressed on this site are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of the Navy (DON) or any of the Armed Forces.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" External actors such as international organizations (IOs), regional alliances (RAs), individual states, multinational forces (MNFs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly intervened in fragile and failed states in postconflict scenarios following the end of the Cold War. The nation\/state-building processes (NSB) implemented by these actors to rebuild the \u201csocioeconomic framework of society \u2026 [to include] the framework of governance and rule of law\u201d (Hamre & Sullivan 89) attempt to strike a reasonable balance between punitive and reconciliatory measures in their efforts to rehabilitate security, political, economic and social institutions as well as establish a sense of common identity among citizens (Bercovitch & Jackson 175). <\/p>\n This essay will analyze NSB processes around the core pillars of societal reform necessary to prevent a return to violence in context to the following points of emphasis:<\/p>\n (1)\t What types of challenges do the above-listed outside actors face in striking the balance between punitive and reconciliatory measures in NSB processes?<\/p>\n (2)\tWhat division of labor among IOs, RAs, states and NGOs is likely to prove most effective in meeting such challenges in the future and why? <\/p>\n The posts, views and opinions expressed on this site are completely my own and do not represent the views or opinions of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of the Navy (DON) or any of the Armed Forces. 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